- The Inclusive Forum on Carbon Mitigation Approaches (IFCMA) was launched in February 2023 to discuss ways to boost global emissions reductions through improved collaboration. In May 2025, the IFCMA published a new paper “to collect, harmonise and compare the effects of climate policies across a wide range of sectors and policy instruments.”
- In April 2025, 63 out of 103 voting UN member states in the International Maritime Organization (IMO) voted to approve a net-zero framework for the shipping industry, which imposes mandatory emissions limits and greenhouse gas pricing on most of the world’s shipping fleets. The rules are expected to apply from 2027 to large ships.
- COP30 took place in November 2025. The outcomes of the conference included the establishment of a coalition on carbon pricing and carbon markets to further their development and an endorsement for solidarity levies targeting high-emitting, undertaxed sectors (e.g. aviation).
- The World Trade Organisation’s (WTO) 14th Ministerial Conference (MC14) takes place in March 2026. Ahead of MC14, WTO Members are holding negotiations on finalising outcomes for key sustainability topics, including circularity of the electronics sector and trade in environmental goods and services.
- Timing: this is a continuing area of development affecting many countries, so there is no specific timeframe for changes.
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